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CCG持续关注国际关系议题,推动中国与全球化的发展,积极开展国际交流,充分发挥智库“二轨外交”作用,在巴黎和平论坛、达沃斯世界经济论坛、慕尼黑安全会议等重要国际政策与意见交流平台上组织分论坛、边会、圆桌会议、晚宴等活动,促进国际政商学界对话,凝聚共识;CCG积极与各国政界、智库界、工商界开展“二轨外交”活动,每年常态化赴多国调研与交流,促进中外关系攸关方互动,保持与多国政策圈层的沟通渠道。
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【光明日报】智库专家“把脉”世界新格局与中国发展
两会之后,中国经济发展会呈现哪些新特点?所面临的世界政治、经济、外交局势如何?政府、社会、企业等应当怎样应对?围绕社会关心的上述热点问题,中国与全球化智库(CCG)昨天在北京银泰中心邀请智库专家以“从两会看中国与世界经济发展”为题展开讨论。原国家外经贸部副部长、CCG咨询委员会主席龙永图,外交学院原院长和中国驻法国前大使、CCG顾问吴建民,香港恒隆地产董事长、CCG咨询委员会联席主席陈启宗,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长、CCG学术专家委员会主任郑永年分别作主题发言,60余位专家学者出席会议。CCG主任、国务院参事王辉耀主持会议。 龙永图在发言中指出,此次两会传递出几个清晰而积极的信息:再次重申了发展是硬道理,不盲目追求GDP不等于不要GDP;必须正视资源环境对发展的巨大压力,用全球眼光解决环境问题;以开放促改革是中国的成功经验,也将继续成为推动中国发展的强劲动力。 陈启宗简要介绍了欧盟、日本、非洲、东南亚等全球几大主要经济体的现状与前景,分析了它们与中国发展的密切关系。他认为,美国在未来十几年里会重新成为世界制造业最重要的国家之一。中国应在国际上广交朋友,使“世界的市场成为我们的市场”,在良好外交中加快发展步伐。 吴建民以“实事求是给人以希望”“中国已经迎来并投身资本国际化大潮”“做好准备迎接第四次创业热潮”为主线,与大家分享观点。他特别就“一带一路”战略发表看法,认为这是中国外交史上意义非凡的战略性倡议,实现此宏伟构想需要几代人的努力,这可为亚洲经济增长提供持久动力。 郑永年认为,十八大以来,中国新一届领导人正在从理念到实践,引领中国进入大变革时代。从政治领域的顶层设计到经济领域的放弃唯GDP论,改革蓝图已非常清晰。2015年全面深化改革前景光明,重在执行。 转载自《光明日报》2015年3月18日第二版要闻版,记者:王斯敏
2015年3月23日 -
浅谈智库公信力和智库人才
我们必须承认,随着中国经济和社会的发展、国家地位的提高,智库必将会大规模出现,所扮演的作用将越来越重要。特别中国国际经济交流中心的全球智库峰会,党 和国家领导人的积极参与就是很好的证明。但是,我们应该知道事物的发展是一个不断渐进的过程,中国的智库、特别是民间智库相对于西方国家来说起步较晚,它 的发展、成长和壮大需要一定的时间。最近几年来,我国智库的发展还是取得了令人欣喜的进展,其中,以2009年成立的中国国际经济交流中心为代表,我国的民间智库新一轮模式探索开始起航。同样,如中国与全球化智库(CCG)这样的以人才为特色的民间智库,越来越成为我国智库的一支生力军。CCG近两年陆续推出“中国留学发展报告”、“中国海归创业报告”“中国移民报告”等一系列国际人才蓝皮书,在国内外产生了强烈反响,引起社会的普遍关注。这些智库的出现,都为未来我国民间智库发展提供了一个很好的模式,成为我国民间智库成功发展的一个缩影。 随着我国智库从数量到实力的不断发展壮大,越来越多的智库活动出现在公众视野中,原来不知智库为何物的民众开始呼唤智库的公信力。智库之所以发挥巨大作用,得到民间认可,其中最为关键的一点是在保持学术成果高质量的基础上,保持智库的独立性,把“与政府保持紧密联系”与“研究成果的对立性”严格区分开来。同时,智库要注重学术成果的交流与宣传,采用多种手段和渠道向决策者、社会公众、学术圈和媒体、网络宣传推介他们的思想、观点和策略,逐步树立了自己的学术影响力、社会影响力和政策决策执行影响力,从而增强在民间的公信力。 要合理定位智库功能。对于政府的各项政策和目标,智库要从传统“解读”模式向“前瞻型建议”“、“可行性分析”和“执行性评估”三个方面转化,要把智库定位为决策者提供建议和素材,而不是制定政策。 青年人想成为智库的一员应该具备哪些素质?优秀的智库既要有优秀的研究人员,也需要优秀的管理人员和从事基础工作的辅助人员,要注重专才和通才的有效结合和 搭配,要发挥科技辅助人员、新闻媒体宣传人员和市场业务开发等在课题研究中的作用。对于研究人员来说,一个优秀的研究人员,既需要深厚的学术功底和研究能 力,也需要较好地管理能力和从事各项活动的交流能力,即我们常说的“两栖人才”。 对于一个年青人来说,要想成为一个优秀智库人才。要注意以下几个方面的培养:一是注重培养自己的学术功底,提高自己的科研能力;二是要培养自己良好的交流和沟通技巧;三是要培养熟练的国际语言交流的能力;四要有一定的管理能力。本文根据接受中国青年网采访的内容整理
2015年3月12日 -
王辉耀:新智库,新角色
2015年1月20日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于加强中国特色新型智库建设的意见》。 我国历史上首次专门针对智库出台意见,标志着十八大提出建立中国特色新型智库后,中国智库的发展已经在政府推动下,进入了“真刀实枪”的实践阶段。结合本次《意见》、国外智库功能定位和中国发展环境特点,未来中国特色新型智库将扮演怎样的新角色? 国际智库的三大功能 提供思想、影响决策 提供思想、影响决策是智库的本质与使命。兰德公司对自身的定义:通过研究分析,帮助提高政策决策水平的独立性、非盈利机构 。 在发达国家,智库发挥着提供新思想、参与重大政治决策等功能,其影响之大,堪称所在国权力机构中继 立法、行政、司法之外的“第四种权力”。一方面,智库承接政府课题、为政策制度提供咨询;另一方面,智库保持独立性,进行自由研究,为政府提供服务。美国智库都在为政府提供一种参考性的专业意见。 启迪民智,引导舆论 智库是打通“知识”与“政策”脉络的桥梁,也是连接大众与政府的桥梁。智库既可以将民众的意愿反映出来,成为政府了解民意的渠道,也可以解读、传播政府政策意图,引导大众舆论。 智库与媒体的关系一直十分密切。从智库与媒体各方发展来看,一方面,国际智库要宣传自己的主张、扩大自己的影响、吸引各界的赞助,需要借助媒体进行传播、包装和推动;另一方面,媒体在进行新闻报道和时事评论时, 也需要借助智库专家的分析和解读来吸引观众与读者,提高社会关注度和市场份额。利用媒体和互联网宣传研究成果是当代智库的重要特征。 目前,新媒体和移动互联网发展迅速,智库的宣传手段也推陈更新。像欧洲政策研究中心,各项研究报告、出版物的研究成果,均会同步更新到博客和微博中,每个研究员也拥有独立的工作博客,代表机 构发表意见和看法。 吸引人才、促进流动 智库具有人才储蓄和为社会其他部门培养输送人才的功能。美国建立第一家现代独立智库--兰德公司的一个重要原因,便是通为战争中做出重大贡献的工程师,重新创造平台,让他们发挥作用。 越来越被人熟知的“旋转门”,也是西方智库向党政行政机关输送和培养人才的功能体现。所谓“旋转门”机制。美国每次换届选举后内阁官员的变动达4000多人。这些官员不是由议会党团产生,也极少来自公务员,而是来自精英荟萃的思想库。在华盛顿,一些非常资深的民主党员曾在布鲁金斯研究中心进行培训。 这个系统不仅在西方存在,在韩国也是如此。韩国有一些发展研究机构或教育机构,将一些学生送到美国读博士,等这些学生学成归国后,他们以三倍的薪水将他们吸收进智库,几年之后这些人才就会有所成就。这是吸引人才回国的一个非常重要的方法,可以为政府注入活力,也不会让一些非常陈旧的观念在政府当中永远存在。 我国“新智库”的“新”的作用 中国智库一方面要借鉴西方国家的成熟发展经验,而另一方面不能照搬西方国家的模式,根据我国国情,新型智库可有新的功能和定位。 “公众“智库,政府政策的传声筒 智库专家解读政府政策,也是我国历来智库机构的传统功能之一。但是与国际智库相比,我国智库专家的政策传声、沟通公众与政府的功能还有待挖掘。另外,仅仅在媒体上解读政策、发表意见的方式还远远不足以支撑智库引导舆论的功能。在我国,智库应加强自身传播能力,利用举办大型学术论坛、组织人才交流活动等方式,促进学术界、企业界甚至政界人才的思想交流。 “国际”智库,民间外交的主体 本土智库不能 把视野局限于国内,要打造真正的中国国际化智库,要真正具有国际影响力,要争取更多的国际话语权。我国智库可以充当民间外交的主体,打消目前国际社会对我国的误解。布鲁金斯学会在每年举行的大型公开会议有200多次。美国国际战略研究中心每年举办700多次会议,美国企业研究所也多达200多次。 这是我国智库应该学习的。 “多元”智库,民主参与的重要推动力 目前,中国智库的95%是官方智库,在决策当中起主要作用的也是官方智库。与规模庞大的官方智库来比,“小而精”的民间智库更具灵活性,更贴近民间,可以反映民众的声音。只有官方智库的智库事业,就像是缺乏私营企业的计划经济一样,智库之间缺乏竞争就会存在问题。 智库将在政策改革中发挥不可估量的作用。民间智库也是推动中国民主参与的重要群体,可以成为除了人大,政协和民主党派之外的新的建言献策渠道。如果中国可以发展一批保持一定独立性、民间性与利益中立性的第三方智库,一定可以为中国的发展带来实质性的推动。 “人才”智库,战略人才的蓄水池 中国智库,尤其是官方智库,与政府的距离更近。 这使得我国智库人才发展还存在很多问题:第一,部分官方智库保留事业编制,很多脱离体制内的智库,如社科院和中国国际经济交流中心,关键的管理层人员依然保留行政级别,研究人员薪酬体制也仿照事业单位进行,薪酬待遇较低,对人才吸引力不强。要增强研究人员的积极性,就需要改革内部薪酬机制。第二,在科研的机制方面,要打破一些以部和单位为单元的研究机制,转向以项目和专家的引导方式,把人才集聚起来;打破学科界限,跨所甚至跨单位、跨国界,跟国外机构合作。第三,在人才管理方面,突破人才流进流出 的方式,适当引进国外的人才,还可以建立一个国外专家库,实现智慧的共享。 引“源头活水”,发展“智库金融” 缺乏资金是我国智库发展滞后的首要原因。我国目前尚未形成捐赠文化。企业和个人为社会做慈善,不一定是捐希望学校、捐体育设施,也可以捐助民间智库,完善中国社会公共政策研究事业也一样是做公益事业。 在国外,一些著名企业家、政要捐助成立了许多智库,例如美国布鲁金斯学会,卡内基国际和平基金会、胡佛研究所、卡特中心等,但在中国,目前还看不到类似的捐赠。《意见》中,对此也做出了“落实公益捐赠制度,鼓励企业、社会组织、个人捐赠资助智库建设。”的规定,这将极大的推动我国捐赠文化的形成,让民间智库获得“源头活水”。 另外,建议我国发展智库金融,比如成立“智库基金”。在发达国家,智库不仅是人才的蓄水池,也是资本的蓄水池。智库金融高度发达,为智库发展提供了持续发展的动力。文章选自《国际人才交流》2015年第3期
2015年3月12日 -
李成:习近平过去两年的政绩非常明显
摘要周永康案是一个标志性的事件,此后中国的政治改革,应该从这三个方面--法治、选举和媒体监督--入手。在所有这些方面的改革进程中,都可以有中国的特色,而且都会是循序渐进的,到了一定时候就会有所突破。查办周永康,是一个标志性事件《领导者》:前段时间,中共中央决定对周永康进行立案审查,您认为这对于中国政治或者反腐来说,具有标志性意义吗?李成:我觉得这是一个标志性的事件。从2012年以来,中国发生了一连串巨大的腐败案件,从薄熙来案到周永康案,当中还有刘志军案、徐才厚案等,尔后又有山西官员群案,我觉得这一连串的案子是有关联的。此外,周永康曾经不可一世,他主管政法委,掌控了武警、政法、公安系统;他蔑视法律,造成了很多冤假错案。从这个意义上来讲,查办周永康是一个非常重大的案子,是一个标志性事件。但话又说回来,我们也不能夸大查办周永康的意义。有人也许会把处理周永康案的难度夸大。如果把周永康案和薄熙来案做个比较,我觉得薄熙来案在难度上更大一些,因为薄熙来代表了唱红打黑的这么一个上下结合的运动,而周永康并不代表什么。此外,薄熙来有很多同情者,而周永康的同情者寥寥无几。而且薄熙来当时是在上升期,而周永康则是完全在下落期,这个区别也很重要。政治改革应从三方面循序渐进《领导者》:如果中国即将开启真正的政治改革,您认为应该从哪些方面入手,才会使得改革有序而平稳地进行?李成:我认为应该分三个方面来进行,这跟其他国家,无论西方民主国家,还是东方民主国家,都是一样的。一是法治,民主和法治是紧密联系在一起的,它只有一定程度上的谁先谁后的问题,但最终都是相互提高和巩固的。二是选举,每一个国家的选举,都会有它自己的特点。实际上,很多国家的选举,都是各不一样的,有直接选举、间接选举、精英选举等。三是来自各方面的监督,尤其是媒体监督。我觉得中国的政治改革,要从这三方面来展开,下面我就具体来讲讲。第一是关于法治建设的问题。中共十八届四中全会以法治为主题。实际上,在过去几年当中,尤其是在最近几个月当中,习近平、李克强、王岐山和其他领导人都在不同场合当中,提到了法治的重要性。我在上面说过,十八届四中全会中就有一个很重要的突破点,就是关于巡回法庭的建立,这些都是往司法独立的方向靠拢的。尽管现在关于司法改革的讨论,还没有完全展开,但是我想总的思路应该是和司法独立有关。当然还需要有很多非常具体的措施,一步步进行,但这个时间表现在并不特别清楚。第二是关于选举的问题。在最近几年,党内选举讲得比较少,但我估计在十九大召开的时候,这方面的议题还会重新提出来。我认为,中国的民主建设,还是应该从党内民主这个突破点来进行。中国乡村的村长选举和城市的人大代表选举,尽管还在进行,但是现在对这方面问题的探讨和重视程度,不如前几年那么强烈了,我觉得还会恢复过来。中国的选举将会以怎样的形式来推广目前并不清楚。探索的路程是漫长的。第三是关于媒体的问题。中国现在出现了很多新媒体,尤其是微信,它的用户数量,从三四年前的零,据说现在已经发展到6亿(也有人说是4.5亿)。在中国的成年人当中,有2/3的人都在用微信,包括很多在农村的人,这个数字还会不断扩大。微信真可谓中华民族的"第五大发明",正在改变着生活方式、信息传播和治理机制。新媒体的发展也使很多谣言有了一个前所未有的传播途径。近来许多谣言完全是莫名其妙、缺乏政治常识、毫无根据的,但是许多民众以为是真的。对很多人而言,毕竟前一阶段的很多谣言后来都成为现实。比如以前谣传薄熙来事件,后来它真的就变成真事了。今年初又在传周永康、徐才厚的事情,后来也变成真的了。如果从谣言里传出来的事情,最后都变成了真实的事情,那么谣言就可能会很容易被大众认可,如此就会恶性循环,这样也会促使有些人可能去造更多的谣言。谣言很大规模、高速度地流传是一个非常可怕的状况。如果中国的执政者,意识到了这样一个危险或者说可能的挑战,那我们很容易就可以得出这样一个结论:应该更多地运用主流媒体,让它们成为主要的信息来源,而不是让社会媒体主导信息的流通。这就需要主流媒体变得更开放。我说的主流媒体不仅包括像《人民日报》、新华社这样的官方媒体,同时也包括一些半官方或非官方的媒体,比如《财经》杂志、财新传媒、南方报系等,包括你们的《领导者》和共识网等。要让这些媒体进一步变得开放,这样它们才能成为主要信息来源,它们传播的信息才是靠得住的。实际上,这已经在进行了,但我们期待有制度性的、有法律保障的媒体开放。所以,我认为中国的政治改革,应该从这三个方面--法治、选举和媒体开放--入手。在所有这些方面的改革进程中,都可以有中国的特色,而且都会是循序渐进的,到了一定时候就会有所突破。孙立平的观点太过悲观《领导者》:孙立平曾发文说,既得利益集团对改革的挑战还没真正到来,他们对改革最大的威胁,不是阻挠改革,而是在改革开启之后,通过扭曲改革措施,将改革变成一场财富掠夺的战争。您怎么看这种观点?李成:孙立平是非常好的一个学者,我非常喜欢他。但是,在这个问题上,我不敢认同他的观点。孙立平认为,既得利益集团的最大威胁是扭曲改革首先,现在反腐败打得这么厉害,谁还敢啊?这是第一。第二,中国大规模的腐败,不只是在转型过程中产生的,而更重要的是在央企垄断的过程中产生的。现在官员的偷盗,已经到了几亿、几十亿的程度。习近平主席在前几个月当中就讲到了,走市场经济路线的过程当中,首先要防止有人打着市场化的口号进行腐败活动。加上现在这种非常强烈的反腐运动,我觉得避免这种情况的可能性是完全存在的。关键的问题是,在未来几年当中,中国是不是能通过法治来防止腐败。我个人觉得这种可能性还是很大的,因为目前不断有新的政策、新的规章制度推出来。在这个问题上,我觉得孙立平的观点太悲观了。利益集团对改革措施的扭曲不是中国特有的问题。利益的重新分配也是改革本身的内涵。关键是政治体制能否对垄断和特权有遏制的机制。习王近两年来不正是在为此而运作吗?文章选自《领导者》总第61期,2014年12月
2015年3月10日 -
【中国日报】Cooperation potential called ’limitless’
Scholars, government officials and company executives from China and the US got together Feb 26 and put their heads together at a three-day conference on how to better tap into the potential for China-US economic cooperation."I haven’t closed my eyes and slept in the past 48 hours due to the long flight and time difference, but I still feel energetic and excited, thinking of the great potential for cooperation between Chinese and US companies," Wang Jian, general manager of the corporate banking unit of Bank of China, told the conference when he arrived in San Francisco from Beijing on Feb 26.A Chinese delegation, headed by Wang and made up of more than 60 scholars and representatives of small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), came to the Bay Area for the conference "Cracking the US Market: Opportunities & Threats for Chinese Multinationals," which was hosted by University of San Francisco and co-hosted by Bank of China and the city of San Francisco.Wang said the aim of the conference was to build bridges between Chinese and US companies in order to boost two-way investment and cooperation between the world’s two largest economies."China has a vast market and low-cost labor and materials, but its technology remains backward and the pollution issues need to be addressed as well," Wang said. "The potential for China and the US to complement each other’s strengths is beyond measure."Over the past few years, Wang’s unit has been conducting research on how to better assist Chinese SMEs on entering overseas markets, he said. They also organized a trip for entrepreneurs to visit European companies in 2013."We found they are very interested in the foreign companies’ advanced management and the technologies of reducing pollution and energy consumption," he said.His comments were echoed by California state senator Robert Herzberg, who also attended the conference."In the last few years, the number of businesses on the both sides has grown tremendously, particularly the Chinese businesses investing in America and California," said Herzberg, who has traveled extensively throughout China as an international business attorney."The real estate purchases in southern California and wineries in northern California," Herzberg said in an interview, "there are a lot of examples of companies working together. I think it’s going to grow and grow quickly."Thus far, however, there hasn’t been a platform for SMEs from both sides to establish dialogues and the Chinese SMEs have encountered various difficulties in going global, such as lack of information and opportunities, as well as high cost, said Wang Jian.With the number of Chinese enterprises coming to the US on the rise, their demands on supporting financial services will also increase, such as cross-border financing businesses and international trade settlements, according to Wang Huiyao, a professor attending the conference, who is also the founder and president of a Beijing-based think tank, the Center for China & Globalization."Bank of China will play a very important role in helping Chinese SMEs survive and thrive in the US market by bolstering their financial strengths," Wang said.Hertzberg also pointed out the importance for Chinese businesses entering the US market to better understand things like California’s unionized labor and labor laws."China has different kinds of labor laws, so it’s important for the Chinese companies that come here to understand how labor laws work and make sure they do their homework, just like the California companies who want to go to China, really need to understand how to do business in China," he explained."Another issue that needs addressing is hacking and technology, and this is going to take longer to actually build relationships, because there are other interests," said Hertzberg."But clearly in the real estate area, other manufacturing and the automobile business, there are great opportunities," he added.Last year, Chinese investments in the US reached $12 billion, topping the $10 billion mark for the second year in a row. In 2013, Chinese annual foreign direct investment (FDI) in the US exceeded the FDI of US companies into China."While the upward trend is expected to continue, there are many challenges and barriers," Chinese Consul General in San Francisco Luo Linquan told the conference. He said he hoped the participants would pool together resources to promote greater Chinese investment in the US.The conference touched upon such topics as innovation and sustainable growth of Chinese enterprises, patterns and trends in Chinese overseas mergers and acquisitions and challenges for incoming Chinese FDI. Business matching meetings were held on the sidelines between Chinese and the US entrepreneurs.
2015年3月3日 -
【中国日报】Foreign students receive up to 99,800 yuan aid
International students awarded Chinese Government Scholarships are receiving increased financial support following a change in the way the system works.The ministries of finance and education announced last month that the amount paid to an undergraduate has been increased to a maximum of 66,200 yuan ($10,660) a year. Master’s students receive up to 79,200 yuan, while doctoral students collect up to 99,800 yuan.The Ministry of Education said the new financial support standard applies to all scholarship recipients who have been studying in China since September, and arrears will be paid to reflect the increase.However, many universities have not yet taken any action in response to the change because of the winter holiday, which lasts from January to March.Previously, those awarded scholarships usually received free tuition, accommodations, textbooks and sometimes flight tickets, and were given a monthly stipend ranging from 1,400 yuan to 2,000 yuan.The increase was prompted by a number of factors, including the rising costs borne by Chinese higher education institutes that receive international students, the ministries said.The new standard divides scholarship holders into three types according to their majors: students majoring in philosophy, economics, the law, pedagogy, the liberal arts or management; those specializing in science, engineering or agriculture; and those studying literary theory or medicine.The level of support students receive varies depending on their major and stage of learning.Universities will keep some of the money to pay for tuition, accommodations and medical insurance, and give some to students each month to cover their living expenses. The latter amount ranges from 2,500 to 3,500 yuan a month after the increase.Shao Jiani, who is in charge of recruitment and management for the scholarship program at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said the school was aware of the change but had not received any details."I believe more information will come after the new semester begins in March," she said.Sun Yuhong, deputy director of the Center for China and Globalization, a think tank in Beijing, welcomed the increase."The CCG has been calling for an increase in the financial support standard for some time, but we didn’t expect the change to come so soon," she said."The increase will definitely attract and encourage more international students and young scholars to study or carry out research in China, which will in turn promote the development of many fields of study in China."
2015年3月3日 -
【中国日报】For many of China’s biotech brains-in-exile, it’s time to come home
In biotech parks across the Yangtze River Delta, dozens of start-ups are working to develop drugs to treat China’s biggest emerging diseases - from diabetes and Hepatitis B to respiratory illnesses and cancer.It’s early days, but firms like Hua Medicine and Innovent Biologics embody China’s hopes for competitive biomedical innovation. And their Chinese-born, Western-educated founders represent the long-awaited return of the nation’s brightest life scientists.From school in the late 1970s and 1980s, when only elite students gained entry into China’s few biochemistry and molecular biology programs, they left China, graduated and worked their way up to senior positions in the world’s top pharmaceutical companies.It took the jobs squeeze of the 2008 global financial crisis and fresh government incentives - from state-of-the-art research labs to grants, loans and government venture capital - to prise them from international careers to launch their own start-ups in China."If returnees want to do innovation, in academia there is traditional resistance and old practices," said Huiyao Wang at the Center for China & Globalization. "It’s the private sector that really attracts people to start new ventures."China has committed more than $300 billion to science and technology, with biotech one of seven pillar industries in the latest Five-Year Plan. Biomedical research investment jumped more than four-fold in 2007-12, though it is still dwarfed by spending in the United States and Europe, according to a 2014 study in the New England Journal of Medicine.Returnee firms have listed in New York and London, work closely with ’Big Pharma’ and attract investment from US venture capital and multinationals."China is coming up, especially with returnees coming back. The innovation will come with the people," said Jimmy Zhang, a vice-president at Johnson & Johnson Innovation, which opened a regional center in Shanghai last autumn.China calling"I sometimes ask myself, ’why did I return to China?’ I had a very comfortable life in the US and my family’s still there," said Michael Yu, Innovent’s founder and CEO. "But for lots of Chinese men, there’s always something in the heart ... a desire to go back and do something. Biotech has only just started in China so you can have significant impact for a whole industry, for a country."After completing postdoctoral training at the University of California, San Francisco, Yu spent a decade at US biotech firms before going home in 2006 to co-found Kanghong Biotech, which developed the first homegrown innovative monoclonal antibody to be approved by China’s regulators. He later launched Innovent with funding from Chinese and US-based investors, including bioBAY, a government-funded biosciences park in Suzhou. BioBAY spent $140 million on Innovent’s 1 million square foot (92,903 square metre) laboratory and production facility.Another returnee, Li Chen, was chief scientific officer at Roche’s China R&D center when, in 2009, he was invited to dinner by US-based ARCH Venture Partners, which encouraged him to go out on his own. "It wasn’t something I was expecting," Chen said. He launched Hua Medicine in 2011 with $50 million from US and Chinese investors. Last month, it closed another $25 million in series-B financing.The returnee start-ups are leveraging shifts in the global R&D landscape. The financial crisis, expiry of blockbuster drug patents, and mega-mergers have forced major drugs firms to reprioritize, giving newcomers a chance to develop promising compounds already in the pipeline.Hua is about to launch Phase 2 trials for a novel Type 2 diabetes drug in-licensed from Roche. Zai Laboratory, another returnee firm, has an in-licensing deal with Sanofi to develop two compounds to potentially treat chronic respiratory diseases.By focusing on diseases that are on the rise in China, these firms can recruit from a vast patient population, speeding up the time it takes to conduct clinical studies.However, China’s regulatory environment, especially for drug approval, "has been quite inefficient and often inadequate," says Jonathan Wang at OrbiMed, a global healthcare-dedicated investment firm. Getting approval for human trials can take over a year, compared to just weeks in the United States."Everything else being equal, you’d go where the approval process is easier," said Wang.Empty nests and angel moneyFor some, coming home is as much a personal as professional issue. Many are ’empty nesters’ whose own children are now at college, or they have ageing parents."In the US, people have family and friends who can support them with ’angel money.’ As first-generation immigrants, we don’t have that kind of access there," said Zhang at J&J Innovation.For the returnees, it’s just the beginning."We’ve planted the seed for a fast-growing, innovation driven environment in China," said Steve Yang, chief operating officer at WuXi AppTec. "The impact of this group will be better measured in another 10-20 years."文章选自China Daily, 2015年2月13日
2015年3月3日