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CCG持续关注国际关系议题,推动中国与全球化的发展,积极开展国际交流,充分发挥智库“二轨外交”作用,在巴黎和平论坛、达沃斯世界经济论坛、慕尼黑安全会议等重要国际政策与意见交流平台上组织分论坛、边会、圆桌会议、晚宴等活动,促进国际政商学界对话,凝聚共识;CCG积极与各国政界、智库界、工商界开展“二轨外交”活动,每年常态化赴多国调研与交流,促进中外关系攸关方互动,保持与多国政策圈层的沟通渠道。
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【南华早报】More Chinese high school students heading for US
After getting a glimpse of the endless cramming for China’s gruelling college and university entrance exams at his high school, Zhang Kaisheng, 16, decided to take a different path.Like a growing number of Chinese teenagers, Zhang plans to enrol this autumn in a private US high school where he and his parents hope he will get a more well-rounded - if far more expensive - education.Tuition, room and board can cost about US$40,000, three to four times as much as an elite private school in China."I feel like the US education fits me better and will allow me to do things I like to do," said Zhang, who loves playing basketball.With more than 333,000 of its students in US postsecondary institutions, China has long been the top feeder of international students in the United States. Now Chinese high-school students are following suit in astonishing fashion: Last year US schools welcomed 50 times as many of them than they did just eight years earlier.The high schoolers want to escape the rat race at home, where students often study late into the night with little opportunity for extracurricular activities. They also believe studying in the United States will help them snag coveted spots at more prestigious US institutions."The competition has grown fiercer, and there has been pressure to go to US high schools to gain an edge," said Xu Yi, who runs a tutoring and consulting agency for Chinese students called Focus Education.International surveys have shown that Chinese students perform well ahead of their American peers in subjects such as mathematics and reading. Top US schools remain highly regarded among educated Chinese for developing critical thinking and communication skills."China boasts solid elementary and secondary education, especially in math, but it lacks innovation," said Wang Huiyao, president of Beijing-based Centre for China and Globalisation."Chinese students may be able to memorise formulas but they lack ’soft skills’ such as people skills and the ability to communicate with global language and culture."Young Chinese with US university degrees usually can expect broader career prospects, as China has become increasingly globally minded, with more opportunities for foreign- educated youth.Last autumn, the US issued 31,889 student visas to Chinese youth planning to attend its high schools, up from just 639 in 2005. China also has overtaken South Korea as the No1 origin country of students to US high schools.China’s rising financial might is fuelling the rise."Chinese families did not have the choices in the past, and they did not have the financial means, but with the rise of the middle class, Chinese families now can scour worldwide for schools," Wang said.Chinese parents see the hefty cost of private US high schools as a worthy investment. "If he can develop a multitude of skills and be a well-rounded person, it would be money well spent," said Zhang Kaisheng’s mother, Wang Lihong, the president of a state-bank branch in Beijing.For many students, the chance to study in the US opens new opportunities. Riley Peng, the daughter of a successful entrepreneur, disliked the emphasis on rote memorisation in China. She is now engaged in many classes and extracurricular activities at Choate Rosemary Hall in Wallingford, Connecticut, including running on the cross-country team."There are many things I now get to experiment with," she said.Peng’s friend Lisa Li, who attends Lawrence Academy in Groton, Massachusetts, said she felt like a failure if she didn’t get the top test score in her Beijing class. Her academic work in the US is also rigorous, but she says she doesn’t feel the same kind of pressure, and is now encouraged to explore other interests, such as music composition."It is so worth it, although it is highly challenging," Li said. "US prep schools are demanding intellectually, but they also emphasise creativity. It has helped me find my direction, turning the impossible into possibilities."Her mother, Jin Min, is pleased. "Now she has creativity, instead of being a copying machine of knowledge, or an encyclopedia," she said.It helps that teens from affluent Chinese families are often well versed in English and American culture. Chinese students usually are required to demonstrate English proficiency before attending US high schools.Frequently, it is a big adjustment to study far from home. Experts warn parents to think twice before sending their children abroad and urge them to find proper guardianship or choose reputable boarding schools.Keith Hernandez, vice president of the consulting company Duewest Education, also cautions that a US high-school education might not help Chinese students get into top US universities. Sometimes, too much US experience hurts an applicant’s chances if admissions officers were seeking more diverse backgrounds, he said."They are better prepared, but it’s not going to be easier," Hernandez said.Still, the rising demand is creating new opportunities for US schools and enterprising educators.In Pennsylvania, Chinese investor Jiang Bairong has bought the grounds of an old school and opened the new Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science - kilometres away from Princeton University - in a partnership with the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, an elite school in Beijing.Principal Max McGee said about 30 students enrolled last autumn and that the goal was to have 250 students in five years. Half would be international students, mostly from China."The students are immersed in English, and they learn how to write better," McGee said. "Even after one year, they have become accomplished writers, and they can present with eloquence, power and self-confidence."US public schools are also jostling for a slice of the cake.In Michigan, the public Lake Shore High School in the Detroit suburb of St Clair Shores attracts about 90 Chinese students each year, all from the Beijing Haidian International School. The students pay tuition and living expenses to spend Grade 11 at Lake Shore High along with American students. A once-abandoned elementary school has been converted for use as a dormitory.Unlike private schools, US public school districts cannot enrol foreign students for more than one year because of federal restrictions. A bipartisan bill in Congress seeks to change that.Sponsored by two New York congressmen, Democrat Bill Owens and Republican Chris Gibson, the bill would remove the one-year restriction on foreign students attending US public schools from kindergarten to Grade 12 as long as students pay the full, unsubsidised per-person cost of attending the school district.In a written statement, Owens said the change would help public schools improve their bottom line at the time of flagging enrolments.Lake Shore Schools superintendent Christopher Loria said his district’s programme benefited both American teenagers, who "get a better view of the world", and Chinese students, who get a taste of American culture."They absolutely love it here. Many will comment that they’d rather stay here sometimes," Loria said. "Obviously they don’t, but most of them will come back and go to a college in the US."To ensure that the Chinese students can pass high-school graduation exams back home, the Haidian school sends its own teachers to Lake Shore High to provide tutoring classes in math, physics and chemistry. The school also provided English tutoring, said Wang Yingkun, a Haidian principal.Marcus Barnett, a Lake Shore graduate now studying engineering at the University of Detroit-Mercy, said Chinese students had helped raise the academic bar at his old school."They go above and beyond when it comes to studying," he said. "I came to the realisation I needed to do the same thing."Barnett began studying Putonghua in Grade 7, travelled to China three times and has gained several Chinese friends that his family has hosted. The experience has helped him understand the importance of being competitive in school and in life."They’re coming here to go to [college or university] here. Could that have been my spot if I tried harder?" he asked. "On a higher level, what happens after you graduate college? Those same people might want the same thing you want."From South China Morning Post, April 8, 2015.After getting a glimpse of the endless cramming for China’s gruelling college and university entrance exams at his high school, Zhang Kaisheng, 16, decided to take a different path.Like a growing number of Chinese teenagers, Zhang plans to enrol this autumn in a private US high school where he and his parents hope he will get a more well-rounded - if far more expensive - education.Tuition, room and board can cost about US$40,000, three to four times as much as an elite private school in China."I feel like the US education fits me better and will allow me to do things I like to do," said Zhang, who loves playing basketball.With more than 333,000 of its students in US postsecondary institutions, China has long been the top feeder of international students in the United States. Now Chinese high-school students are following suit in astonishing fashion: Last year US schools welcomed 50 times as many of them than they did just eight years earlier.The high schoolers want to escape the rat race at home, where students often study late into the night with little opportunity for extracurricular activities. They also believe studying in the United States will help them snag coveted spots at more prestigious US institutions."The competition has grown fiercer, and there has been pressure to go to US high schools to gain an edge," said Xu Yi, who runs a tutoring and consulting agency for Chinese students called Focus Education.International surveys have shown that Chinese students perform well ahead of their American peers in subjects such as mathematics and reading. Top US schools remain highly regarded among educated Chinese for developing critical thinking and communication skills."China boasts solid elementary and secondary education, especially in math, but it lacks innovation," said Wang Huiyao, president of Beijing-based Centre for China and Globalisation."Chinese students may be able to memorise formulas but they lack ’soft skills’ such as people skills and the ability to communicate with global language and culture."Young Chinese with US university degrees usually can expect broader career prospects, as China has become increasingly globally minded, with more opportunities for foreign- educated youth.Last autumn, the US issued 31,889 student visas to Chinese youth planning to attend its high schools, up from just 639 in 2005. China also has overtaken South Korea as the No1 origin country of students to US high schools.China’s rising financial might is fuelling the rise."Chinese families did not have the choices in the past, and they did not have the financial means, but with the rise of the middle class, Chinese families now can scour worldwide for schools," Wang said.Chinese parents see the hefty cost of private US high schools as a worthy investment. "If he can develop a multitude of skills and be a well-rounded person, it would be money well spent," said Zhang Kaisheng’s mother, Wang Lihong, the president of a state-bank branch in Beijing.For many students, the chance to study in the US opens new opportunities. Riley Peng, the daughter of a successful entrepreneur, disliked the emphasis on rote memorisation in China. She is now engaged in many classes and extracurricular activities at Choate Rosemary Hall in Wallingford, Connecticut, including running on the cross-country team."There are many things I now get to experiment with," she said.Peng’s friend Lisa Li, who attends Lawrence Academy in Groton, Massachusetts, said she felt like a failure if she didn’t get the top test score in her Beijing class. Her academic work in the US is also rigorous, but she says she doesn’t feel the same kind of pressure, and is now encouraged to explore other interests, such as music composition."It is so worth it, although it is highly challenging," Li said. "US prep schools are demanding intellectually, but they also emphasise creativity. It has helped me find my direction, turning the impossible into possibilities."Her mother, Jin Min, is pleased. "Now she has creativity, instead of being a copying machine of knowledge, or an encyclopedia," she said.It helps that teens from affluent Chinese families are often well versed in English and American culture. Chinese students usually are required to demonstrate English proficiency before attending US high schools.Frequently, it is a big adjustment to study far from home. Experts warn parents to think twice before sending their children abroad and urge them to find proper guardianship or choose reputable boarding schools.Keith Hernandez, vice president of the consulting company Duewest Education, also cautions that a US high-school education might not help Chinese students get into top US universities. Sometimes, too much US experience hurts an applicant’s chances if admissions officers were seeking more diverse backgrounds, he said."They are better prepared, but it’s not going to be easier," Hernandez said.Still, the rising demand is creating new opportunities for US schools and enterprising educators.In Pennsylvania, Chinese investor Jiang Bairong has bought the grounds of an old school and opened the new Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science - kilometres away from Princeton University - in a partnership with the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, an elite school in Beijing.Principal Max McGee said about 30 students enrolled last autumn and that the goal was to have 250 students in five years. Half would be international students, mostly from China."The students are immersed in English, and they learn how to write better," McGee said. "Even after one year, they have become accomplished writers, and they can present with eloquence, power and self-confidence."US public schools are also jostling for a slice of the cake.In Michigan, the public Lake Shore High School in the Detroit suburb of St Clair Shores attracts about 90 Chinese students each year, all from the Beijing Haidian International School. The students pay tuition and living expenses to spend Grade 11 at Lake Shore High along with American students. A once-abandoned elementary school has been converted for use as a dormitory.Unlike private schools, US public school districts cannot enrol foreign students for more than one year because of federal restrictions. A bipartisan bill in Congress seeks to change that.Sponsored by two New York congressmen, Democrat Bill Owens and Republican Chris Gibson, the bill would remove the one-year restriction on foreign students attending US public schools from kindergarten to Grade 12 as long as students pay the full, unsubsidised per-person cost of attending the school district.In a written statement, Owens said the change would help public schools improve their bottom line at the time of flagging enrolments.Lake Shore Schools superintendent Christopher Loria said his district’s programme benefited both American teenagers, who "get a better view of the world", and Chinese students, who get a taste of American culture."They absolutely love it here. Many will comment that they’d rather stay here sometimes," Loria said. "Obviously they don’t, but most of them will come back and go to a college in the US."To ensure that the Chinese students can pass high-school graduation exams back home, the Haidian school sends its own teachers to Lake Shore High to provide tutoring classes in math, physics and chemistry. The school also provided English tutoring, said Wang Yingkun, a Haidian principal.Marcus Barnett, a Lake Shore graduate now studying engineering at the University of Detroit-Mercy, said Chinese students had helped raise the academic bar at his old school."They go above and beyond when it comes to studying," he said. "I came to the realisation I needed to do the same thing."Barnett began studying Putonghua in Grade 7, travelled to China three times and has gained several Chinese friends that his family has hosted. The experience has helped him understand the importance of being competitive in school and in life."They’re coming here to go to [college or university] here. Could that have been my spot if I tried harder?" he asked. "On a higher level, what happens after you graduate college? Those same people might want the same thing you want."From South China Morning Post, April 8, 2015.
2015年4月20日 -
郑永年:一党制也能实行宪政与司法独立
导语2015年4月12日,新加坡隆道智库主办,中国与全球化智库(CCG)联合举办的隆道亚洲论坛在新加坡举行。本次论坛由南洋理工大学前校长、隆道智库主席徐冠林主持,原国家外经贸部副部长、中国与全球化智库咨询委员会主席龙永图,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长、中国与全球化智库学术委员会主任郑永年,亚洲问题著名学者、新加坡国立大学李光耀政府管理学院院长马凯硕(Kishore Mahbubani),中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀共话中国政治经济发展现状:习近平治下的中国。论坛上经济新常态、政治新常态、人才新常态、外交“非常态”、亚洲共同发展、高端移民浪潮对亚洲的影响、反腐等成为本次论坛的热议话题。嘉宾简介郑永年,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长、CCG学术委员会主任。 十八大后,中国政治进入了新常态,特点包括权力的集中、长期的反腐败运动、重视顶层设计等。但是这也使中国面临很大困难:中国经济面对很大的下行压力,并且由于中央集权与反腐败运动,出现部分官僚不作为现象。什么是旧常态 从1980年至十八大这段时间称为旧常态,而在十八大后中国政治进入了新常态。 中国过去35年取得巨大成就,发展到今天世界第二大经济体,为什么中国能取得这样的成就?经济制度比较好了解,而中国的政治制度则有以下三点优势。1)中国精英制度,有年龄限制,即到了规定年龄就要退休;2)中国有限任期制,目前实行两届任制;3)中国采取集体领导方式。 当然上述政治制度也产生一些问题,主要包括过度的内部制衡、政治寡头、大规模腐败、GDP主义、社会不公平、基尼系数走高等。新常态下中国的集权和反腐 十八大以后进入新常态,主要有以下两大特征: 第一,集权。无论是反腐败还是深化改革,都需要权力。在比较困难的改革需要全力,克服既得利益的阻碍。中国政府成立4个领导小组,已经开始改变9个常委各管一派的权力状态。 第二, 进入长期反腐败的运动,这是中国历史上少见的。能与之前相抗衡的就只有明朝的朱元璋反腐。最主要的就是切断经济寡头转向政治寡头。决策者要解放思想 西方国家用了一百五六十年建立了法治制度,中国现在开始建立法制,也会遇到很多困难。我相信,一党制下也能实行宪政与司法独立,中共四中全会提出建立巡回法庭,建立领导干部干预司法终身责任制,就是这个方向。 要实现一党制下的宪政与司法独立,需要决策者解放思想,而不要老是看几本西方的教科书就觉得西方是对的,好的。我一直在想,中国可以借鉴新加坡的模式,充分融合中西方制度的优势。
2015年4月20日 -
龙永图: 经济新常态中的“自行车理论”
导语2015年4月12日,新加坡隆道智库主办,中国与全球化智库(CCG)联合举办的隆道亚洲论坛在新加坡举行。本次论坛由南洋理工大学前校长、隆道智库主席徐冠林主持,原国家外经贸部副部长、中国与全球化智库咨询委员会主席龙永图,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长、中国与全球化智库学术委员会主任郑永年,亚洲问题著名学者、新加坡国立大学李光耀政府管理学院院长马凯硕(Kishore Mahbubani),中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀共话中国政治经济发展现状:习近平治下的中国。论坛上经济新常态、政治新常态、人才新常态、外交“非常态”、亚洲共同发展、高端移民浪潮对亚洲的影响、反腐等成为本次论坛的热议话题。嘉宾简介龙永图,原国家外经贸部副部长、CCG咨询委员会主席。 中国在过去三十年的发展过程中虽然取得很大的成果,但也存在着很多问题:腐败、环境、国民素质、教育问题等,依旧需要依靠中国在发展过程中解决,以经济学上的“自行车”理论为例,自行车一定要走,停下就会倒下。停止就会倒下 中国在继续推动经济发展的同时要更加重视经济发展的质量。质量是经济新常态的关键词,前提是继续重视中国经济的增长。 第一:中国仍是发展中国家,有2亿人还是贫困人口,每年需要解决700多万大学生就业岗位问题,面临的挑战很大,必须进行经济增长。 第二,中国在过去三十年的发展过程中虽然取得很大的成果,但也存在着很多问题:腐败、环境、国民素质、教育问题等,依旧需要依靠中国发展过程中解决,只有在中国发展的过程中才能进行解决,以经济学上的“自行车”理论为例,自行车一定要走,停下就会倒下。 第三,中国经济总量很大,对世界经济的增长有很大的推动作用,中国经济增长备受全球关注,如果中国经济增长速度大幅下降,全球对中国的信心就会下降,世界对中国的产业、货币、企业的竞争能力产生怀疑。 中国还有一个重大目标:在十年之内,在经济总量上超过美国,这也是中国经济增长的一个重要原因,经济速度放慢,从10%到7%,是为更好解决贫困问题,在发展中解决问题。百姓的生活质量是基础 虽然中国经济发展进入比较低的速度,还需解决经济发展中的问题,经济质量的问题。 首先:解决老百姓生活质量的问题。当前趋势,中高收入群体进入迅速增长,满足基本诉求,因为他们已经步入小康标准,最关心的是以前不受重视的问题,他们关心的问题是清洁的空气、干净的水、安全的食品、安全的治安等,这些问题就是提高生活质量问题,本质还是经济质量的问题。 第二,中国产品质量的问题。虽然是制造业的大国,但在制造业的基础上还有很长的路要走。1)还需解决比如工作态度的问题,不要马马虎虎。2)要讲究卫生,一个不讲卫生的国家是不能成为制造业的大国,从而去提高产品的质量。 第三,经济质量,经济发展后有两个衡量标准:1)经济发展后,民生是否得到改善或提高;2)社会是否更加公平、更加正义。 贫富悬殊、社会得不到公平和和谐,说明经济发展的背后存在着问题。平稳的生活质量、生活方式是老百姓基本的诉求,只有解决这些才能解决经济质量的问题。“一带一路”不仅是政府的事情 全面的扩大对外开放,更加强调一带一路战略,使其成为全球合作的大战略。一带一路”战略不仅中国老百姓能享受到福利,使周围的邻居尤其是沿线的国家也可以享受到福利。作为全球经济合作的战略,不仅需要中国方面提出,更需要沿线的国家共同提出。只有经过各方的共同提出的项目,才能确保“一带一路”战略落到实处,使沿线国家都能得到好处。 “一带一路”不仅是政府的事情,还需要更多的企业家参与。政府需要和企业很好地沟通,凝聚共识,成为一带一路中活生生的组成部分。只有成为活生生的组成部分,才能使建立“一带一路”、“海上丝绸之路”、“丝绸之路经济带”成为现实。 在大战略框架下,“一带一路”的建设对双方都有好处,希望广大的企业家能积极参与到这件事情里。
2015年4月20日 -
王辉耀:第三次全球化浪潮——全球人才流动
导语2015年4月12日,新加坡隆道智库主办,中国与全球化智库(CCG)联合举办的隆道亚洲论坛在新加坡举行。本次论坛由南洋理工大学前校长、隆道智库主席徐冠林主持,原国家外经贸部副部长、中国与全球化智库咨询委员会主席龙永图,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长、中国与全球化智库学术委员会主任郑永年,亚洲问题著名学者、新加坡国立大学李光耀政府管理学院院长马凯硕(Kishore Mahbubani),中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀共话中国政治经济发展现状:习近平治下的中国。嘉宾简介王辉耀,中国与全球化智库(CCG)主任。 中国还没有充分利用国际人才红利,国际人口比例只有0.06%,而发达国际平均10%,发展中国家1.6%。中国应积极建立国际人才长效机制新的“WTO”,中国的干部选拔的制度也可以借鉴新加坡模式,社会为党和政府培养精英和干部,在社会上成才后被吸引进入体制内。 中国国际人口红利还需提高 全世界留学生已达到500万,在人才吸引、人才流动,包括留学生吸引,新加坡位处前沿,整体增长非常快。重视人才流动、人才吸引、最典型的例子 --美国,41%诺贝尔奖获得者来自移民、全电子工程研究生71%来自中国、42%理工科的博士来自其他国家。发达国家都在争取人才,未来世界是人才的竞争。 随着交通、互联网越来越便利,与世界的交往也越来越频繁。中国与世界的交往也越来越频繁,全球的移民发展在发达国家非常迅速,传统的移民国家大都达到10%至20%,传统的非移民发达国家,移民人口也占到总人口的10%。 全球化人才流动逐渐成为主要趋势,中国在这方面还存在较大差距。中国的移民红利非常弱,中国需要越来越多的人才,需要抓住国际移民的红利,促进国家发展。发达国家基本超过10%,世界平均水平是3.2%,印度达到0.4%。中国却只有0.06。 农民工人口流动创造了中国过去30年的辉煌,而未来30年,要发展为创新型国家、发达国家,中国国际的人口红利还要提高,需要更多的国际人才来中国发展,不仅要抓住国内人才红利,需更要抓住国际人口红利来促进中国未来的发展。吸引创业型人才 创业型人才得到不断的重视。美国设立投资移民签证来吸引创业型人才。据统计,美国的投资移民项目中,10000人有8500人来自中国;日本设立国家战略特区促进经济发展,同时其入籍要求从以前的10年长期居留减到现在的5年;加拿大推出创业签证;英国提出全球创业人才。 在中国人才制度改革方面,中国与全球化智库(CCG)推动中美两国实现10年多次往返签证;在今年的3月,外交部长王毅宣布对加拿大也实现10年往返签证,促使人才流动更加便利。建立人才的WTO 中国政府在十八大和十八届三中全会提出建立人才竞争力的人才制度优势,学习世界上最先进的人才流动、人才培养、人才吸引,重视人才使用和培养经验。2013年欧美同学会成立100周年庆祝大会上,习主席提到“致天下之治者在人才”,政府需要广纳天下英才。两会期间,习主席在参加上海代表团讨论时,提到不光要吸引本国的人才,还有世界的人才。在亚信峰会上,习主席提到“一个国家的开放,归根结底还是对人才的开放”。 目前中国面临很多挑战,改革开放以来,中国输出1000多万移民,而在中国的外籍人口只有80万。中国留学生每年输出50万人左右,来华留学生总数累计只有30多万,而来华读取学位的留学生在15万左右,中国在输出人才和引进人才上数据相差悬殊。 希望中国能打造亚洲教育园,从而使亚洲高校的大学生、留学生之间可以加强交流。全球的货物流动有WTO(World Trade Organization),希望建立一个人才的WTO(World Talents Organization)。 未来,中国可以进一步推动学历和资格互认,提升人才交流,成为人才进出口大国。
2015年4月20日 -
CCG 智库圆桌会——跨国公司发展新阶段
随着中国企业走出去步伐的加速,中国企业加入跨国公司和全球公司的行列。越来越多全球市场的出现促使跨国公司向全球公司转变,这一变化在过去20年中更加明显,这一转变主要包括企业发展全球化、公司管制结构全球化、企业责任理念全球化这三大变化。通过学习跨国公司向全球公司的转型过程,有助于支持中国企业提升自身全球化程度与全球竞争力,迅速成长有竞争力的全球公司。 2015年4月13日下午,由中国与全球化智库(CCG)主办的CCG智库圆桌会:跨国公司发展新阶段在CCG总部会议室举行。本期CCG智库圆桌会特邀请商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员、中国与全球化智库(CCG)特邀高级研究员王志乐教授主讲。王志乐教授为著名研究世界近现代历史的经济学家,自1993年以来,先后完成了德国、日本、韩国、美国和新加坡企业在华投资研究,将跨国公司作为研究重点,迄今共访问调查80 余家著名跨国公司在华代表机构,包括50余家跨国公司国外总部、香港地区总部以及它们400余家在华投资企业。在此基础上,撰写和发表了一系列关于全球化、跨国公司在中国的竞争、跨国公司的战略管理、国家经济安全、自主创新、外资企业等问题的论文与著作。 圆桌会上,王志乐教授分享了近年来的研究心得和最新出版的著作《全球公司跨国公司发展新阶段 》。王教授提出,市场全球化带动价值链的全球布局,跨国公司走向全球公司的新阶段,在全球吸纳资源与配置,实现市场营销、组装制造、研发设计的全球化,从而构建全球价值链。同时,全球公司责任文化发展也步入全球责任的新阶段,在法规、规制、规范方面实现其全球的责任文化。 清华大学经济外交研究中心主任何茂春教授等研讨嘉宾共同探讨了中国企业与全球公司的话题。 本次圆桌会讨论内容将整理成建言献策递交国际有关部门,并收录进《中国企业全球化发展报告2015》蓝皮书。 CCG智库圆桌会 中国与全球化智库系列圆桌活动,针对人才国际化、企业国际化、慈善研究、国际问题等话题,汇集政策制定者、学者、CCG理事、相关产业精英等召开的经常性的圆桌研讨会。 主讲嘉宾:王志乐,商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员、中国与全球化智库(CCG)学术专家委员会专家 王志乐,著名研究世界近现代历史的经济学家。现任商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员,兼任国家产业政策咨询委员会委员,中国社会科学院对外经贸国际金融研究中心特约研究员,中国经济体制改革研究会特约研究员。 主讲嘉宾介绍:王辉耀,CCG主任 主持人:孙玉红,CCG副主任兼秘书长 点评嘉宾:(按姓氏音序排序) 何茂春,清华大学经济外交研究中心主任、教授研讨嘉宾:(按姓氏音序排序)陈伟,商务部中国国际经济技术交流中心主任科员、龙永图秘书陈新华,挪威石油中国区总裁黄智虎,商务部办公厅处长彭德智,美国史带公司北京代表处首席代表陶景洲,CCG常务理事、美国德杰律师事务所管理合伙人魏彩虹,美世大中华区合伙人、哈佛大学博士赵斌,CCG常务理事、高通无线通信技术有限公司全球副总裁刘洪川,世泽律师事务所高级合伙人 世泽律师事务所高级合伙人刘洪川 挪威石油中国区总裁陈新华 CCG常务理事、高通无线通信技术有限公司全球副总裁赵斌 美国史带公司北京代表处首席代表彭德智 商务部办公厅处长黄智虎美世大中华区合伙人、哈佛大学博士魏彩虹CCG常务理事、美国德杰律师事务所管理合伙人陶景洲商务部中国国际经济技术交流中心主任科员、龙永图秘书陈伟参会嘉宾:(按姓氏音序排序)来维涛,国核电力规划设计研究院国际部项目经理吕云荷,中国国际经济交流中心博士孙丽霞,中兴通讯股份有限公司国际业务策划总监王辰国,核电力规划设计研究院国际部项目经理王海潮,北京租赁协会副会长、乔治海茵茨飞机制造集团副总裁王智慧,中国国际跨国公司促进会项目办公室主任项妮,中国航天工业科学技术咨询有限公司杨成凡,北京哈德勋科技开发有限公司、美国HEC公司CEO总裁余开阔,阜新华通海外事业部总经理张梅,中国投资杂志媒体协办: 中国网
2015年4月17日 -
成长青:民间交往更为重要
导语4月14日,以‘一带一路’、亚投行及人才战略”为主题的CCG圆桌会议第二讲举行。针对 “一带一路”战略及亚投行的人才缺口和培养方式,所面临的挑战和应对方案,来自政、学、企的多位精英人士从工作的实际出发,分享了自己的观点。嘉宾简介成长青,高盛高华证券有限责任公司董事总经理。民企应该发挥更大作用 一带一路战略中很多事情政府主导是偏多的,国企在里面也做了较多工作,相对来讲民企方面实施得比较弱,在“一带一路”中文化的渗透和推广也比较弱。文化方面比如孔子学院,我认为目前政府推广的形象和留下的痕迹太严重,应该更多的民间化。 过去我做过很多并购,发现在重大资源的控制上都是在欧洲很多老家族里。政府和国企去做一些长期关系是比较敏感的,但如果一些民企,包括一些家族能够进入一些国家,长期浸润关系是比较有意思的事情,希望在这方面能得到支持和关注。 目前应该“四管齐下”,在政、国、民、文化这四个角色里,民企和民间的作用应该更大。目前民间和文化机构作用偏小,政府和国企拿到资源比较多,但我没有说他们做得不好,大家都在努力,重要的是怎么去协调。因为作为一个国家整体资源就是那么多,要考虑怎样能更加有效。培养“亲华”外籍人才 试想一下,亚投行在三、五年后中国人占多少,外国人占多少?一个国际化大都市,比如伦敦、香港,当地的外国人占了10%。公司的国际化,就是我们走出去,不管是民企还是国企,外籍员工可能超过10%,这里面牵扯到公安、社保、中组整体对这件事情的看法和把控问题,有很多事情要做。 首先,中国的人才是第一个挑战。五年前我和海油的陈总在沙特做过并购,我在渣打的时候给他们一个目标公司,他们看了报告以后说讲阿拉伯语的人才太少了,做不了。中石油也曾经说过西班牙报表我们看不懂。这里面首先就特别需要中国的人才。我们可能有一部分人,对欧美相对了解,但是对中东、对南亚、对阿拉伯是非常不熟悉的。 其次,要培养相当一批对中国熟悉的外国人。这涉及到管理模式的问题,欧美模式是到了那里以后一把手慢慢变成当地人,可以看到在中国的很多欧美公司,中国人是一把手,而日韩公司的一把手永远是日本、韩国人。中国企业走出去是什么模式?不管你是什么模式,你必须要依赖当地人,中国人跑到伊拉克、中东、土耳其去,肯定是不行的。这里面牵扯到理解中国文化的外国人才的培养问题。 很多国家在这方面做得不错,法国有一个很大的基金专门培养亲法人才。我记得有一个人是塞谬尔加的总理,他是巴黎商学院出来的,后来和法国总统是很好的朋友,结果两国关系特别好。 我想讲的是目前在中国有那么多的留学生,谁在管理他们,除了他们正常上中文课之外,我们国家民间有没有一个机构去培养他们,跟他们有日常的接触,把我们很多正能量告诉他们。因为我在法国的时候就有家庭周末请我去吃饭,他们想了解中国文化,我想了解法国文化,这些日常的东西实际上会在我们心目中逐渐形成一个文化的影响。CCG智库圆桌会中国与全球化智库系列圆桌活动,针对人才国际化、企业国际化、慈善研究、国际问题等话题,汇集政策制定者、学者、CCG理事、相关产业精英等召开的经常性的圆桌研讨会。讨论内容将整理成建言献策,供国家有关部门决策参考。 导语4月14日,以‘一带一路’、亚投行及人才战略”为主题的CCG圆桌会议第二讲举行。针对 “一带一路”战略及亚投行的人才缺口和培养方式,所面临的挑战和应对方案,来自政、学、企的多位精英人士从工作的实际出发,分享了自己的观点。嘉宾简介成长青,高盛高华证券有限责任公司董事总经理。民企应该发挥更大作用 一带一路战略中很多事情政府主导是偏多的,国企在里面也做了较多工作,相对来讲民企方面实施得比较弱,在“一带一路”中文化的渗透和推广也比较弱。文化方面比如孔子学院,我认为目前政府推广的形象和留下的痕迹太严重,应该更多的民间化。 过去我做过很多并购,发现在重大资源的控制上都是在欧洲很多老家族里。政府和国企去做一些长期关系是比较敏感的,但如果一些民企,包括一些家族能够进入一些国家,长期浸润关系是比较有意思的事情,希望在这方面能得到支持和关注。 目前应该“四管齐下”,在政、国、民、文化这四个角色里,民企和民间的作用应该更大。目前民间和文化机构作用偏小,政府和国企拿到资源比较多,但我没有说他们做得不好,大家都在努力,重要的是怎么去协调。因为作为一个国家整体资源就是那么多,要考虑怎样能更加有效。培养“亲华”外籍人才 试想一下,亚投行在三、五年后中国人占多少,外国人占多少?一个国际化大都市,比如伦敦、香港,当地的外国人占了10%。公司的国际化,就是我们走出去,不管是民企还是国企,外籍员工可能超过10%,这里面牵扯到公安、社保、中组整体对这件事情的看法和把控问题,有很多事情要做。 首先,中国的人才是第一个挑战。五年前我和海油的陈总在沙特做过并购,我在渣打的时候给他们一个目标公司,他们看了报告以后说讲阿拉伯语的人才太少了,做不了。中石油也曾经说过西班牙报表我们看不懂。这里面首先就特别需要中国的人才。我们可能有一部分人,对欧美相对了解,但是对中东、对南亚、对阿拉伯是非常不熟悉的。 其次,要培养相当一批对中国熟悉的外国人。这涉及到管理模式的问题,欧美模式是到了那里以后一把手慢慢变成当地人,可以看到在中国的很多欧美公司,中国人是一把手,而日韩公司的一把手永远是日本、韩国人。中国企业走出去是什么模式?不管你是什么模式,你必须要依赖当地人,中国人跑到伊拉克、中东、土耳其去,肯定是不行的。这里面牵扯到理解中国文化的外国人才的培养问题。 很多国家在这方面做得不错,法国有一个很大的基金专门培养亲法人才。我记得有一个人是塞谬尔加的总理,他是巴黎商学院出来的,后来和法国总统是很好的朋友,结果两国关系特别好。 我想讲的是目前在中国有那么多的留学生,谁在管理他们,除了他们正常上中文课之外,我们国家民间有没有一个机构去培养他们,跟他们有日常的接触,把我们很多正能量告诉他们。因为我在法国的时候就有家庭周末请我去吃饭,他们想了解中国文化,我想了解法国文化,这些日常的东西实际上会在我们心目中逐渐形成一个文化的影响。CCG智库圆桌会中国与全球化智库系列圆桌活动,针对人才国际化、企业国际化、慈善研究、国际问题等话题,汇集政策制定者、学者、CCG理事、相关产业精英等召开的经常性的圆桌研讨会。讨论内容将整理成建言献策,供国家有关部门决策参考。
2015年4月17日 -
刘科:治霾先治散烧煤和柴油机
对治理雾霾,全国上下无论民众、行业及政府都表现出急迫性。但急也无用,首先要搞清雾霾形成的主要原因,再谈如何治理。 对雾霾贡献最大的是占到其约50%的“二次颗粒”,即化石燃料燃烧尾气中的气态污染物和挥发性有机物进入大气后,在一定的水雾状态下与空气中的氨等物质发生气溶胶反应形成的颗粒。因此要去除雾霾,就要减低这些污染物的排放。 首要问题是治理散烧煤污染。 目前我国每年耗约4.7亿吨石油,约36亿吨煤。以煤炭为主的能源结构短期无法改变,因此治理燃煤污染就成为当下的首要问题。大电厂按规定都需安装脱硫、脱硝和脱粉尘设备,脱除率达到90%以上。若集中燃煤,尾气中的污染物可以控制到和天然气燃烧相近甚至更低的程度。世界平均煤炭集中利用度是60%左右,欧美日等能达到90%以上,而我国煤炭集中利用度不到50%。我国有近70万台中小锅炉散烧约18亿吨煤,不可能在每一台后面安装脱硫脱硝装置。散烧一吨煤的污染是大型锅炉减排(>90%)后的10倍以上;散烧18亿吨煤的排放相当于180亿吨以上集中燃烧产生的污染。 因此,散烧煤是“雾霾”最重要的成因之一,如何使近70万台中小锅炉清洁“变身”是解决雾霾的关键,就此可有三个不同层面的解决方案: 第一,增加集中燃煤,热电连产,同时加大环保执法力度,保证集中燃煤装置尾气排放达标,通过立法和加强环保执法,迫使中小燃煤锅炉逐步转型或淘汰。 第二,中国地域广大,不大可能100%集中燃煤。对无法集中,但条件适合的地区可实行“煤转气”。我国天然气供应无法满足需求,即使2018年按照计划与俄罗斯的天然气供货合同能够顺利执行,到时从俄罗斯进口的天然气也将只占国内用气量约20%。在煤和水资源比较丰富的地方用“煤制天然气”技术将煤转化为天然气,同时集中脱除所有污染物,将清洁的天然气产品通过管道输送到千家万户,也是解决散烧煤污染的另一选项。“煤制气”并不能适用于所有地区,但比在每台中小锅炉后面加装脱硫脱硝装置更可行。 第三,在无法集中燃煤也不适合煤制天然气的地方,在燃烧之前进行“炼煤”,即将煤中的灰分、无机硫和杂质通过洗煤去除,然后通过煤的热解,脱除部分有机硫。最终得到的液体产品可以进一步加氢制作成清洁柴油;其气体产品(焦炉气)可以进一步转化成天然气;固体产品已经过脱硫,成为洁净煤。因其燃烧时火苗与天然气一样是蓝色的,人们也称之为“蓝炭”。上述“炼煤”过程能够将煤炭转化为清洁的气体、液体和固体燃料,之后再去燃烧就大幅降低了污染。虽然“炼煤”会增加使用成本,但仍比在每台中小锅炉后面加装排放控制装置更经济有效,并且是在前两种方案都行不通的情况下不得已而为之的选项。实际上,“炼煤”还是要比进口LNG(液化天然气),或用风能、太阳能和核能便宜得多。 治理散烧煤之外,还要降低柴油机排放。 各种车辆排放的污染物大约占雾霾的25%左右(包括一次和二次颗粒)。由于使用高硫柴油,以及没有安装柴油发动机尾气处理系统,国内柴油发动机的污染物排放较高。中国每年消耗约2亿吨柴油,因此柴油机减排就是散烧煤之后雾霾产生的第二要素。 降低柴油机的排放可从两个方面着手: 一是清洁的超低硫柴油。欧洲约50%的新车为柴油车,并普遍使用了超低硫柴油(<10ppm),故其污染很低。而国内柴油中硫含量远高于欧美。这样,即使车辆装了颗粒过滤器和尾气脱硝系统,尾气中的污染物也难以得到控制。劣质柴油还会对尾气处理系统造成损坏,因此油品升级是控制柴油机污染的关键。目前已有技术可以用较低投资,帮助中国炼化企业生产出满足国V标准的超低硫柴油产品,并已取得了良好的经济及社会效益。 除了上面提到的柴油脱硫,柴油机尾气处理的另一个方面是脱除氮氧化物和颗粒物。这需要安装颗粒过滤器和SCR脱硝系统。国际上最新的脱硝催化剂,可以帮助降低燃油消耗,加之其重量轻,在减排的同时,可进一步帮助车辆减重提高整车燃油经济性。 总之在发展风能、太阳能、水能和核能的同时,我们相信以上所提供的方案是针对中国特有的资源情况,在目前更加经济可行并可持续的治理办法。虽然雾霾治理有很多的方案,但是想在短期内改变现状并不容易,这需要政府以强大的改革决心和毅力进行顶层设计,需要每一位公民的积极努力和配合。抱怨没用,只要我们在充分利用以上经济实用技术的同时,加强我国的环保执法力度,相信蓝天和碧水必会重现中国大地。 文章选自《环球时报》,2015年4月8日
2015年4月15日